import ballerina/io;

public function main() {
    // 1 belongs to `int`.
    io:println(1 is int);
    // [10, 20, 30] belongs to `int[]`.
    io:println([10, 20, 30] is int[]);

}

Structural typing

Typing in Ballerina is structural: a type describes a set of values. Ballerina has semantic subtyping: subtype means subset. Universe of values is partitioned into basic types. Each value belongs to exactly one basic type. You can think of each value as being tagged with its basic type. There is a complexity in making structural typing work with mutation.

Immutable basic types (so far): nil, boolean, int, float, string

Mutable basic types (so far): array, map, and record

 
import ballerina/io;

public function main() {

    io:println(1 is int);

1 belongs to int.

    io:println([10, 20, 30] is int[]);

[10, 20, 30] belongs to int[].

}

bal run structural_typing.bal
true
true