import ballerina/io;

// Converts `bytes` to a `string` value and then to an `int` value.
function intFromBytes(byte[] bytes) returns int|error {

    string|error ret = string:fromBytes(bytes);

    // The `is` operator can be used to distinguish errors
    // from other values.
    if ret is error {

        return ret;
    } else {
        return int:fromString(ret);
    }
}

// The `main` function can return an `error` value.
public function main() returns error? {

    int|error res = intFromBytes([104, 101, 108, 108, 111]);    
    if res is error {
        // The `check` expression is the shorthand for this pattern of
        // checking if a value is an `error` value and returning that value.
        return res;

    } else {
        io:println("result: ", res);
        return;
    }
}

Error handling

Usually, a function handles errors by passing them up to its caller. The main function can also return an error value.

 
import ballerina/io;

function intFromBytes(byte[] bytes) returns int|error {

Converts bytes to a string value and then to an int value.

    string|error ret = string:fromBytes(bytes);

    if ret is error {

The is operator can be used to distinguish errors from other values.

        return ret;
    } else {
        return int:fromString(ret);
    }
}

public function main() returns error? {

The main function can return an error value.

    int|error res = intFromBytes([104, 101, 108, 108, 111]);    
    if res is error {

        return res;

The check expression is the shorthand for this pattern of checking if a value is an error value and returning that value.

    } else {
        io:println("result: ", res);
        return;
    }
}

bal run error_handling.bal
error: {ballerina/lang.int}NumberParsingError {"message":"'string' value 'hello' cannot be converted to 'int'"}