Module : io

Module Overview

This module is designed to support input and output operations via channels in a canonical way, either in a blocking, or non-blocking manner.

architecture

Channels

A channel represents an I/O source or sink of some bytes, characters, or records that are opened for reading or writing respectively.

Byte channels

The most primitive channel is the ByteChannel which reads and writes 8-bit bytes. For an example on the ByteChannel, see the Byte I/O Example.

Character channels

The CharacterChannel is used to read and write characters. The charset encoding is specified when creating the CharacterChannel. For an example on the CharacterChannel, see the Read/Write Files Example.

If a ReadableCharacterChannel points to a JSON or XML source, it can be read and then written directly into a variable of the respective type. For examples on reading/writing JSON or XML sources, see the JSON I/O Example and XML I/O Example.

Record channels

Also, Ballerina supports I/O for delimited records. For an example on reading the records in a text file, see the Record I/O Example.

A .CSV file can be read and written directly into a CSVChannel as shown in this CSV I/O Example.

Data Channels

Ballerina supports performing data i/o operations.

A Person object could be serialized into a file or a network socket as seen in the Data I/O Example.

Records

Detail

Record type to hold the details of an error.

Objects

ReadableByteChannel	ReadableByteChannel represents an input resource (i.
ReadableCSVChannel	Represents a ReadableCSVChannel which could be used to read records from CSV file.
ReadableCharacterChannel	Represents a channel, which could be used to read characters through a given ReadableByteChannel.
ReadableDataChannel	Represents a data channel for reading data.
ReadableTextRecordChannel	Represents a channel which will allow to read
StringReader	Represents a reader which will wrap string content as a channel.
WritableByteChannel	WritableByteChannel represents an output resource (i.
WritableCSVChannel	Represents a WritableCSVChannel, which could be used to write records from the CSV file.
WritableCharacterChannel	Represents a channel which could be used to write characters through a given WritableCharacterChannel.
WritableDataChannel	Represents a WritableDataChannel for writing data.
WritableTextRecordChannel	Represents a channel, which will allow to write records through a given WritableCharacterChannel.

Functions

createReadableChannel	Creates an in-memory channel, which will be a reference stream of bytes.
openReadableCsvFile	Retrieves a readable CSV channel from a given file path.
openReadableFile	Retrieves a `ReadableByteChannel` from a given file path.
openWritableCsvFile	Retrieves a writable CSV channel from a given file path.
openWritableFile	Retrieves a `WritableByteChannel` from a given file path.
print	Prints `any` or `error` value(s) to the STDOUT.
println	Prints `any` or `error` value(s) to the STDOUT followed by a new line.
readln	Retrieves the input read from the STDIN.
sprintf	Returns a formatted string using the specified format string and arguments.

Constants

DEFAULT	Default value is the format specified by the CSVChannel.
CSV	Field separator will be "," and the record separator will be a new line.
TDF	Field separator will be a tab and the record separator will be a new line.
COMMA	Comma (,) will be used as the field separator.
TAB	Tab (/t) will be use as the field separator.
COLON	Colon (:) will be use as the field separator.
CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT	This will be used to construct a ConnectionTimedOutError.
GENERIC_ERROR	This will be used to construct an IO GenericError.
ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR	This will be used to construct a AccessDeniedError.
FILE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR	This will be used to construct a FileNotFoundError.
END_OF_FILE_ERROR	This will be used to construct an EofError.
CSV_RECORD_SEPARATOR	Represents the record separator of the CSV file.
FS_COLON	Represents the colon separator, which should be used to identify colon-separated files.
MINIMUM_HEADER_COUNT	Represents the minimum number of headers, which will be included in the CSV.
BIG_ENDIAN	Specifies the bytes to be in the order of most significant byte first.
LITTLE_ENDIAN	Specifies the byte order to be the least significant byte first.

Types

Error	Represents IO module related errors.
Format	The format, which will be used to represent the CSV.
Separator	Field separators, which are supported by the `DelimitedTextRecordChannel`.

Errors

AccessDeniedError	This will get returned due to file permission issues.
ConnectionTimedOutError	This will return when connection timed out happen when try to connect to a remote host.
EofError	This will get returned if read operations are performed on a channel after it closed.
FileNotFoundError	This will get returned if the file is not available in the given file path.
GenericError	Represents generic IO error.

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